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Exam 17: Procedures for Identifying Pathogens and Diagnosing Infections

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Question 31

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Describe the indirect ELISA test that is used as a screening test for HIV AIDS) and include the following: a) sequence of procedures, b) reagents used, and c) detection and interpretation of a positive test.

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Question 32

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ELISA tests use a fluorescent dye as a label to trace antigen-antibody reactions.

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Question 33

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Which test uses radioactive isotopes to label antibodies or antigens in order to detect minute amounts of corresponding antigen or antibody?

The Widal test is used for diagnosing salmonellosis.

Tests that take place in the lab, such as in a test tube or Petri-dish, outside of a living host, are referred to as _______________ whereas tests that take place in a living host, such as in a patient, are described as ______________.

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis PFGE) is often used to determine whether bacterial isolates from different cases of food-borne illness are the same and can be traced to the same source. This is an example of

Describe three possible sampling sites and methods of collection for clinical laboratories.

Which test is used to measure the IgE present in allergic patients?

Culture of patient specimens to detect pathogens is usually done on blood agar plates only.

The more a sample can be diluted and yet still react with antigen, the ______ the concentration of antibodies in that sample and the _______ is its titer.

In indirect fluorescent testing, fluorescent _____ are used to react with the Fc region of another, specific, serum antibody.

Serological tests should have low sensitivity and specificity.

In a __________, antigens or antibodies are labeled with radioactive isotopes and traced.

Which technique used to diagnose a disease is also called the double diffusion method?

Serological testing always involves reactions between specific antibody and antigen.

Test systems involving which of the following has greatly improved the specificity of immunological tests?